(a)
Starting from the smallest prime number 2, see if 540 is able to be repeatedly divisible by 2. By doing so, you will eventually be able to divide by 2 twice with a quotient result of 135. So what you have right now is 2^2 (which stands for 2 to the power of two) multiply by 135.

Next we try the next prime number 3 on 135, in which eventually 135 can be divided by 3 thrice to get 5. So 135 is made up of 3^3 multiplied by 5. 5 is also a prime number.

Therefore the answer is 2^2 x 3^3 x 5.

(b)(i)
By comparison between both their product of their prime numbers, you will take the common factors between then which is 2 and 3 and take the lowest power from them, which will get you 2^2 x 2^3 = 4 x 9 = 36

(b)(ii)
To get their lowest common multiple, you multiply either of them by the factor that they lack from the other number. So if we look at 504, it needs to be multiplied by another 3 and 5, whereas if we look at 540, it needs to be multiplied by 2 and 7. Either one of these two steps will be enough and get you the answer of 7560.