Xavier Sng's answer to Alice's Primary 5 Maths Area & Volume Singapore question.

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Xavier Sng
Xavier Sng's answer
801 answers (A Helpful Person)
1st
Every ruler exchanged for two pencils increases the TOTAL NUMBER OF RULERS PLUS PENCILS by one more item.

There were 20 items at first, and 32 items at the end. It reasons that there must had been 12 rulers initially.

The working :
(32 - 20) ÷ (2 - 1) = 12

where (32 - 20) indicates the increase of 12 in the number of total items, and (2 - 1) indicates the increase of one item to the total everytime one ruler is exchanged for 2 pencils.