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junior college 2 | H2 Maths
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Alf
Alf

junior college 2 chevron_right H2 Maths chevron_right Singapore

1. I would like to ask but how fo you find the probability that the sum of 2 cards is smaller than 5 to be 1/9? when I tried this question my answer was 6/36=1/6

How would you answer the part where they ask for "at least one draw" has a value of less than 5?

Thank you in advance.

Date Posted: 2 years ago
Views: 595
Boy Mow Chau
Boy Mow Chau
2 years ago
(1) since the 2 cards are drawn simultaneously, it is a case of "without replacement", meaning that you cannot have 2 cards with same number.

total outcome = 9x8 = 72
for sum of 5 or less, possible combinations are ...
12,13,14,21,23,31,32,41 (8 combinations)
P(sum 5 or less) = 8/72 = 1/9

if it is draw 1 card, replace, draw another card,
it would be "with replacement", then we can consider the combinations of 11 & 22
for "with replacement",
P(sum 5 or less) = 10/81
so cannot figure out how you can get 1/6

(2)(ii)
for "at least one draw", need to consider 3 cases ...
case 1: 5 or less on BOTH draws
case 2: 5 or less on 1st draw but not on 2nd
case 3: 5 or less on 2nd draw but not on 1st
P(5 on less on at least one draw)
= 1/9 x 1/9 + 1/9 x 8/9 + 8/9 x 1/9 = 17/81

alternatively, use complement method
P(5 or less on at least one draw)
= 1 - P(5 or less on 0 draw)
= 1 - 8/9 x 8/9 = 17/81

Answers :
A /B = 1/9
CD/EF = 29/12
G/HI = 1/81
JK/LM = 17/81
Alf
Alf
2 years ago
Thank you for your explanation, but I have one question regarding your answer. Why is the total no. if possible outcomes 9x8?
I thought since the order was not important I used the combination formula instead of the permutation formula.
I did 9!/[2!*(9-2)!] and got 36.

Also, how did you make sense of CD and EF?
Boy Mow Chau
Boy Mow Chau
2 years ago
if you consider order as not important, then you should do likewise for the possible combinations, meaning ...
12 is same as 21,
13 is same as 31
14 is same as 41
23 is same as 32
so you have 4 combinations
P(sum 5 or less) = 4/36 = 1/9
Alf
Alf
2 years ago
Thank you very much for your help.
Boy Mow Chau
Boy Mow Chau
2 years ago
for CD/EF

note that ...
sum 3 possible only with cards 1&2 ;
probability = 1/36
sum 4 possible only with cards 1&3 ;
probability = 1/36
sum 5 possible only with cards 1&4, and 2&3 ; probability = 2/36

summary ...
sum | score | probability
3 | 10-3 = 7 | 1/36
4 | 10-4 = 6 | 1/36
5 | 10-5 = 5 | 2/36
6 to 17 | 2 | 32/36

expected score
= summation(score x probability)
= 7 x 1/36 + 6 x 1/36 + 5 x 2/36 + 2 x 32/36
= 87/36
= 29/12

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