Deduction of particle's identity in alphabetical order (with reference to Periodic Table data):

Particle F

3 protons → Lithium (Li)

2 electrons → 1 less than proton number → singly positively charged ion (cation)

4 neutrons → the usual isotope since mass/nucleon number - proton/atomic number = 7 - 3 = 4

So, Particle F is a lithium cation (Li⁺)


Fits the answer for e)

G

5 protons → Boron (B)

5 electrons → same as proton number → neutral atom

6 neutrons → the usual isotope since mass/nucleon number - proton/atomic number = 11 - 5 = 6

So, particle G is a boron atom (B)


It has 2 electrons in the first shell, and 3 in the 2nd shell (which is its outermost shell)


So it fits the answer for a) since there are 3 outermost/valence electrons.

Both Particle H and I :

8 protons → Oxygen (O)

8 electrons → same as proton number → neutral atom


Particle H

8 neutrons → the usual isotope since
mass/nucleon number = 8 + 8 = 16


Particle I

9 neutrons → not the usual isotope since mass/nucleon number = 8 + 9 = 17


So , Particle H is a oxygen-16 atom (¹⁶O) and Particle I is a oxygen-17 atom (¹⁷O)


Fits the answer for d) since they are atoms of isotopes of the same element.

Particle J

9 protons → Fluorine (F)

10 electrons → one more than proton number → singly charged negative ion (anion)

9 neutrons → the usual isotope since mass number = 10 + 9 = 19

Particle J is a fluorine anion (F⁻)

Fits the answer for c) since fluorine is a non-metal

Particle K


10 protons → Neon (Ne)

10 electrons → same as proton number → neutral atom

20 neutrons → not the usual isotope since mass number = 10 + 20 = 30

(The mass number in the perodic table is 30)

So Particle K is a neon-30 atom (³⁰Ne)


Neon is in group 18 (or also known as Group VIII or Group 0), which is the noble gas group

It has 8 electrons in the outermost shell (8 valence electrons)

Fits the answer for b)